Genital Mutilation And Its Effects On Women - 1374 Words

genital mutilation is linked to proper sexual behavior, so by reducing the libido you reduce the chance for sexual promiscuity. Globally war s that have taken place in the 20th and 21st centuries have caused an increase in violence and harm done to women and children, as approximately 1 in 3 women in the world is beaten, coerced into sex, and otherwise abused (Shaw 506). In fact rape is a common weapon in a warring nation. The United Nations Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security was adopted in 2000. It focuses on measures to protect women and girls for gender based violence, particularly rape and other forms of sexual abuse, in situations of armed conflict. Still, some countries condone or legalize such crimes, and others accept such violence against women as necessary consequences of war and/or civil unrest, and ethnic cleansing (Shaw 506). Unfortunately, other countries are not the only ones that have high rape rates. In the United States it is estimated that Over 22 millio n women in the United States have been raped in their lifetime (Feminist). At least 10% of all [rape and sexual assault] victims are male (Rccmsc). The FBI estimates that only 46% of rapes and sexual assaults are reported to the police. Factoring in unreported rapes, about 6% of rapists will ever spend a day in jail. 15 out of 16 will walk free (Feminist). There is a shocking statistic of underage sexual assaults, abuse and rapes. In 2006, 78,000 children were sexually abused.Show MoreRelatedFemale Genital Mutilation : A Violation Of Human Rights1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe World Health Organization (WHO) defines female genital mutilation (FGM) as â€Å"all procedures which involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural or any other non-therapeutic reasons.† There are four classifications of female genital mutilation: type I consists of the removal of the prepuce; type II is the removal of the clitoris and labia minora; type III is the removal of the external genitalia and the restrictingRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation : Carolina Macias1688 Words   |  7 Pages Female Genital Mutilation Carolina Macias HSC 425 Matza-Fall 2016 Word Count- 1537  Abstract/Introduction The World Health Organization, also known by the acronym WHO, has defined female genital mutilation as â€Å"procedures that intentionally alter or cause injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.† FGM (acronym for female genital mutilation) is highly prevalent in Africa and the Middle East. An estimated 200 million and counting have been victims of this practice (UNICEFRead MoreThe Role Of Female Genital Mutilation On Malian Culture890 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract In Africa, especially in Mali female genital mutilation is a common practice. This mutilation is a historical and cultural practice that is deeply-rooted in the Malian culture. The practice is part of the Malian rite of passage, that marks a young girl s transition from childhood to adult life. However ,this issue compromises and violates women s rights. The Purpose of this paper is to find out how will the ban of Female Genital Mutilation affect malian culture and what measures have beenRead MoreEssay on FGM: Female Genital Mutilation Must be Outlawed Worldwide1456 Words   |  6 PagesFemale Genital Mutilation, shortened to FGM in most medical texts, is â€Å"collective name given to several different traditional practices that involve the cutting of female genitals.† FGM is a common cultural practice in many parts of the world, especially Africa and Asia that was established hundreds of years ago. There are many different types of FGM, ranging from clitoridectomy, to cutting and infibulations (Skaine 7). Even though these procedures are accepted in the areas they are practiced, FGMRead MoreThe Contribution Of The Enlightenment Era1725 Words   |  7 Pagesworld, regardless of gender, race, social status, and religion, deserve to be treated. Female genital mutilation is a procedure that is considered an important human ri ghts issue in some parts of the world by the international community. Female genital mutilation or FGM is defined as a procedure involving partial or total removal of female genital organs . â€Å"Subjecting girls and women to female genital mutilation violates their rights that are protected in international and regional instruments .† It isRead MoreFemale Circumsion1179 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst such practices. Women from around world are subjected to cultural practices that are deemed ‘heinous’ and ‘unjust’. The most shared problem is that which such practice creates a situation where lives of people are put at risk. An eminent practice which is taken into attention is female genital mutilation. This writing shall discuss clashes between human rights and cultural relativism with my personal stance about these two ethical dilemmas. Female genital mutilation is considered as unlawfulRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesFemale Genital Mutilation Introduction Pain, shame, lack of ability to reproduce. Marie, who suffers from each of these symptoms, is one of the many women from Africa who have suffered from female genital mutilation. When Marie was only two years old, she had her clitoris and labia cut off. Since then, she has moved to New York yet is still suffering from the many consequences you get from female genital mutilation. Female genital mutilation, also known as FGM, is a very common procedure primarilyRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation Throughout America1032 Words   |  5 PagesFemale Genital Mutilation in America Female circumcision has been a cultural tradition practiced in different parts of the world for many years in order to secure virginity until marriage. In Africa female genital mutilation tradition is a part of the Muslim culture and parts of the Middle East, for the women to be desirable by her husband. (JPEG) Consequently, girls the ages of 4 through 14 are to endure the severe pains of female circumcision in order to not betray their culture and family beliefsRead MoreEssay about Female Genital Mutilation1633 Words   |  7 Pages The practice of female genital mutilation, also known as female circumcision, occurs throughout the world, but it is most common in Africa. Female genital mutilation is a tradition and social custom to keep a young girl pure and a married woman faithful. In Africa it is practiced in the majority of the continent including Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, Upper Volta, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Mozambique and Sudan. It is a cross-cultural and cross-religious ritual, which is performed by Muslims, Coptic ChristiansRead More Female Genital Mutilation Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesFemale Genital Mutilation Female Genital Mutilation is believed to have started in Egypt 2,000 years ago and spread from there. Only a few years ago, FGM was considered a cultural tradition, but now the United Nations has labeled it as a violation of human rights. Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, and the United States has declared Female Genital Mutilation grounds for seeking asylum and is a punishable offense (1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of us never heard of Female Genital Mutilation until the story

The Ethics Of Genetically Modified Organisms - 1184 Words

Science has been a prevalent topic over the course of history. Moreover, as scientific research continues to develop it sometimes is contradictory towards the humanities. Similarly, the focus on genetically modified organisms (GMO) have been fundamental in highlighting the difference between science and the humanities. Consequently, this paper will emphasize the ethics of genetically modified organisms and the basic ethical concepts and theories necessary for reflecting upon moral beliefs using scholarly resources that underline that if people are aware of genetically modified organism they will tend to disregard GMOs. Entine, Jon. â€Å"2000+ Reasons Why GMOs Are Safe to Eat and Environmentally Sustainable.† Forbes. Forbes, 14 Oct. 2014. Jon†¦show more content†¦24 Oct. 2013. Web. Hontz-Ward displays that different cultures have distinct opinions on GMOs. Hence this exploits the ethical values and identifies the vital connection between GMOs and the humanities. This article is written for a religious audience that implants religious and culture to their ethical values. Over all Hontz-Ward contradicts that crops that are not grown are genetically modified therefore some cultures refuse to buy them. Hence this article supports Schiffman’s article which also states that people that are informed on the effects of GMOs are more likely to not buy these good than the uneducated that do not know the outcomes or possible effects of these products. Kaldveer, Zack. â€Å"13 lies GMO labeling opponents are recycling in Washington state.† 21 Aug. 2013. Print. Zack Kaldveer does a unique review of GMOs and concludes that GMOs are risk free and are not harmful to the environment. Kaldveer uses evident facts and provides a well-organized journal to promote that GMOs should be studied so that the user can be educated and have enough knowledge to decipherer whether to buy or avoid GMOs. Further, this article is written for an environmentalist audience since it provides a gist of the environmental impacts and shows that the ethics that involve making decisions can be greatly influenced by the background knowledge one might have pertaining the topic. This journal relates to Entine’s article sinceShow MoreRelatedEthics Of Genetically Modified Organisms816 Words   |  4 PagesIn the last thirty years, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been used for in the production of medicine and food and are widely used in scientific research and the production of other products (Junod, 2009). A GMO is any organism whose genetic material has b een altered using genetic engineering techniques, including mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes (Nelson, 2010). GMOS and GM technology have become a topic of great concern among scientists, regulators, consumers, farmers, andRead MoreEthics Of Genetically Modified Organisms1382 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) entails a process whereby plants, animals, and microorganisms can be altered at the genetic or DNA levels in a way that does not occur naturally through mating or natural recombination. Human involvement in the natural selection process has been around since the dawn of humanity; originally in the form of specific animal breeding to gain better species with more adaptations for their specific uses. The arguments that surrounds the topic of Genetically ModifiedRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods and Organisms Essay949 Words   |  4 Pagesand ecological problems. As the amount of genetically modified (GM) crops have increased rapidly in recent years, the debates on whether GM foods are truly beneficial or not have become prevalent. Scientists around the world are making their sentiments known. Over eight hundred scientists around the world signed an open letter to all governments, the UN, the World Trade Organization, and the U.S. Congress calling for a ban on genetically modified organisms, seeds, and foods (Batalion). The Union ofRead MoreBiocentric Ethics Analysis Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesBiocentric Ethics Analysis SCI/362 - Environmental Issues and Ethics January 27, 2014 Howard Schmidt, M.S., M.B.A. Biocentric Ethics Analysis Inherent and intrinsic value both refer to the value that is within the item or organism, it has value in and of itself; the value within the item or organism is â€Å"independent of the interests, needs, or uses of anyone else† (DesJardins, 2013, p. 113). Inherent value refers to the value that is found or recognized within the item or organism; whether spiritualRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Organisms1598 Words   |  7 Pagesmay find some products that promise no GMOs, but what exactly are GMOs? Genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, are organisms that have been engineered to express desired traits. The most traditional way to modify organisms is through selective breeding. New technology now has given the ability to physically move or add to a new organism. The organisms are altered at the molecular level, usually they receive genes from organisms whose traits could not be obtained easily. Modification is done by usingRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms1 582 Words   |  6 PagesGenetically Modified Organisms also known as GMO’s are commonplace items today on the shelves of the local grocery store, or even the racks of the local department store. Technology today has allowed companies to modify the genetics of everything from corn and soybeans, to cotton and salmon. It hasn’t been known until now how many products really contain these genetically modified organisms. This paper will discuss the origins of GMO’s, the companies that produce these GMO’s, how GMO’s are createdRead MoreGenetic Engineering: Good or Bad?899 Words   |  4 Pagesmodify the genes of living organisms is a very controversial subject, spawning many debates about its uses, ethics, and dangers. On one hand, the possibility of modifying livestock and plants to produce more food and useful products is tempting. Medical uses for genetic modification are also abundant, and can change medicine for the better. On the other hand, prob lems about the ethicality of tampering with the natural world, legal rights on genetically altered organisms, and various possible negativeRead MoreArguments Of Proponents And Opponents Of The Safe And Accurate Food Labeling Act1744 Words   |  7 Pagesweakness of each side’s argument. One argument that proponents make about genetically modified food is that they are no different than natural foods. An argument that opponents make is that genetically modified organisms have not been tested enough because they are fairly new and some scientist truly don’t have an understanding of how it will affect humans bodies differently than natural foods. Proponents argue that genetically engineered foods have no needs for labeling; it would lead to consumer confusionRead MoreMonsanto Business Ethics Paper1465 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper about Monsanto Corporations Business Ethics Thesis Statement I will outline some of the ethical issues Monsanto Corporation has faced, I will focus on the predatory litigation of farmers that have been contaminated by Monsanto’s Genetically Modified seed and then sued for using that seed to plant subsequent crops. I will provide examples and citations of what I feel are unethical practices and cases involving Monsanto. Introduction â€Å"The Justice Department is investigating whetherRead MoreGentically Modified Organisms are the Topic of Conversation718 Words   |  3 PagesIn the past decade or so, genetically modified foods and genetically modified organisms, also known as GM Foods and GMO’s, have been a never ending topic of discussion. GM Foods and GMO’s have adversely affected people’s health all over the world. GMO’s are developed through taking genes of different species, then combining them through genetic engineering. Neither of those things can happen naturally or out in nature. That should raise lots of red flags to our society already. Adding these altered

48 Laws of Power - Essay - 12782 Words

The 48 Laws of Power byRobert Greene Maurice Fischer INB491 The 48 Laws of Power Law 1 Never Outshine the Master Make the people above you feel greater than you are, even if they are not. This makes sense in many cases but don’t apply to others. All people working for someone will see that this law will apply to them, the boss or in this case the â€Å"master† is on top. The person on the top, most likely, worked his or hers way up and does not want to be thrown from his or hers throne. It is in the human nature to get rid of threats if one has the power to do this. He may feign appreciation, but at his firs opportunity he will replace you with someone less intelligent, less attractive, less threatening. Do not let that happen†¦show more content†¦It can be done in small style or as seen with Otto von Bismarck, in big style, to win wars. To rise power people will do nearly or actually everything. I would call concealing your intentions are nowadays nothing more than bluffing. Most people are open to others, they tell their intentions and opinions when asked. They do this for several reasons. First, it is easy and natural to always want to talk about one’s feelings and plans for the future. This can be taken for ones advantage, but if they bluffing one will be the one who was falling for it. Second, many people believe that by being honest and open they are winning people’s hearts and showing their good nature. Those people are easy to spot, if they want to be liked, they will have to pay the price. This Law requires two main skills. One, to have the control over your words and gestures, but also to read peoples gestures and sometimes call their bluff. Pretend t hat you believe what you say gives your words great weight. If you let your self believe that what your say is true for the moment, it will help it appear to be true and give your gestures more expressions. Also a smoke screen for your actions is a great advantage to mask your intentions. Lead your opponents into a trap with distraction and misdirection to reach your ultimate goal, either with noble gestures or a constant pattern. Behavior like this is barely legal in some points and might be fraught. But to reach your goal this will give youShow MoreRelated48 Laws of Power - Essay12798 Words   |  52 PagesThe 48 Laws of Power byRobert Greene Maurice Fischer INB491 The 48 Laws of Power Law 1 Never Outshine the Master Make the people above you feel greater than you are, even if they are not. This makes sense in many cases but don’t apply to others. All people working for someone will see that this law will apply to them, the boss or in this case the â€Å"master† is on top. The person on the top, most likely, worked his or hers way up and does not want to be thrown from his or hers throne. It is in theRead More Machiavellian Advice from The Prince1097 Words   |  5 Pagescynicism about human nature, and shrewdness in interpersonal behavior, and named this syndrome after Machiavelli (â€Å"48†). Machiavellianism is described as a manipulative strategy of social interaction and personality style that uses other people as tools of personal gain (â€Å"48†). In this excerpt from The Prince, Machiavelli’s most recognized and popular discourse on morality and power, the author discusses and compares numerous aspects of the necessary attributes of a successful ruler. While he debatesRead MoreThe Impact Of Political Science On Public Admin istration1703 Words   |  7 PagesFrom essay #1 â€Å"Wilson (1887) argued that political science should concentrate on how governments are administered, focusing not only on personnel problems, but also on the organization and management in general. How then did Wilson define PA and why did he believe it was so vital to the future of the United States? Briefly discusses the theoretical development and arguments put forth by earlier scholars on the general approaches of management techniques in public administration since Wilson’s seminalRead MoreThe Main Effects Of The Reichstag Fire1621 Words   |  7 Pageshave been attainable if it were not for the Reichstag fire? I doubt many of the events that followed the fire would’ve occurred if the Reichstag building was still intact. Ergo, I believe that the fire was more important to Hitler. Throughout this essay I will look at the effects of both events - analysing supporting evidence - to evaluate how they impacted Hitler. The main effects of the Reichstag fire are th e following: it created a state of emergency, it made enemies of the Communists and increasedRead MoreThe British And Indian War1207 Words   |  5 Pages The American colonies declared independence in 1776 with the declaration of independence however it did not originate in 1776 Begin your essay by discussing the events prior to 1776 that led colonists to demand separation from Britain? The events prior to 1776 were pivotal moments that led to the Independence in 1776. The major event that shaped distain for the British was the French and Indian war (1756-1763). Before the French and Indian war the colonist under the British rule had been left aloneRead MoreCivil Disobedience: Cost of Change1469 Words   |  6 Pagespollute the groundwater in the surface (Hammel). Civil disobedience is â€Å"the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power† (Civil Disobedience). Throughout history, civil disobedience was a way to get the people’s attention that the government’s idea is immoral and unfair. It is a way to make a change in law or policy and to take action in a non-violent resistance. The act of civil disobedience is effective in our societyRead MoreThe Trial And Death Of Socrates By Plato, Antigone, And Confessions By Saint Augustine1506 Words   |  7 Pagesof their cooperation brings about conditions where it is easiest for individuals to freely improve the wealth of the public. Using the texts The Trial and Death of Socrates by Plato, Antigone by Sophocles, and Confessions by Saint Augustine, this essay will explore the complex relationship between the individual and society in Greco-Roman culture. It will argue from a classical standpoint that justice is defined as aligning the moral beliefs of individuals with what is in the best interest of theRead MoreChartism: Working Class and National Political Movement1308 Words   |  6 Pagesfor Chartism’s support that you learned about in the history chapter of Y180, and which, if any, is stressed most strongly by the speaker? Part 1 In no more than 200 words, write a plan for this essay Introduction: 1. Explain the background and context of the extract 2. This essay will consider the evidence for Chartism’s support in terms of economic pressure, popular radicalism, and cultural inclusiveness 3. It will argue all three factors contributed to Chartism’s support butRead MorePower What Is Power Essay903 Words   |  4 Pages This article focus on the definition of power what is power, examining the phenomenon of powerful and the powerless. This will help my essay in explaining that power is not owned, one can’t simply own power but it is rather given. Parada, H., Barnoff, L., Moffatt, K. M. Homan. (2011). Promoting Community Change: Making it happen in the real world. Toronto, ON: Nelson Education. (pp. 87-109). This small reading explains in more detail what is power and how it can be used to promote change.Read More Illegal Immigration Growing on the U.S. Essay859 Words   |  4 Pagestheir case. Despite evidence that could be more concrete and objective, Brian Grow and his associates make a fairly convincing case that, as their numbers and spending power increase, illegal immigrants are fast becoming a crucial part of the United States economy. The writers draw us in on a personal level by beginning their essay with the story of the Valenzuelas, a married illegal immigrant couple with two young girls. The writers, in calling the Name 2 Velenzuelas by name, give them a sense

Music of the Baroque Essay Example For Students

Music of the Baroque Essay Churches used the emotional and theatrical qualities of art to make worship more attractive and appealing. The middle class too, influenced the development of the baroque style, for example prosperous merchants and doctors commissioned realistic landscapes and scenes from everyday life. 3. Write a paragraph that includes the characteristics of Baroque music. A. Unity of mood Usually expresses one basic mood: what begins joyfully will remain Joyful throughout. Emotional states like Joy, grief, and agitation were represented. Composers molded a musical language to depict the affections; pacific rhythms or melodic patterns were associated with specific moods. B. Rhythm Rhythmic patterns heard at the beginning of a piece are repeated throughout it. This rhythmic continuity provides a compelling drive and energy-the forward motion is rarely interrupted. The beat, for example, is emphasized far more in baroque music than in most Renaissance music. C. Melody There is a continuous expanding, unfolding, and unwinding of melody. This sense of directed motion is frequently the result of a melodic sequence, that is, successive repetition of a musical dead at higher or lower pitches. Many baroque melodies sound elaborate and ornamental, and they are not easy to sing or remember. It gives an impression of dynamic expansion rather than of balance or symmetry. D. Dynamics The level of volume tends to stay fairly constant for a stretch of time. When the dynamics do shift, the shift is sudden, like physically stepping from one level to another. The main keyboard instruments of the baroque period were the organ and harpsichord, both well suited for continuity of dynamics. E. Texture It is predominantly polyphonic in suture. Usually, the soprano and bass lines are the most important. Not all-late baroque music was polyphonic, a piece might shift in texture, especially in vocal music, where changes of mood in the words demand musical contrast. F. Chords and the basso continuo Chords gave new prominence to the bass part, which served as the foundation of the harmony. The whole musical structure rested on the bass part. The new emphasis on chords and the bass part resulted in the most characteristic feature of baroque music, an accompaniment called the basso continuo. The basso continuo offered the advantage of emphasizing the all-important bass part, besides providing a steady flow of chords. G. Use of words in the music Baroque composers used music to depict the meaning of specific words. Rising scales represented upward motion; descending scales depicted the reverse. Descending chromatic scales were associated with pain and grief. Composers often emphasized words by writing many rapid notes for a single syllable of text; this technique also displayed a 4. What was the role of music in Baroque society? It served as musical expression for brilliant composers, a source of entertainment for aristocrats, a way of life for musicians and a temporary escape from the routines of daily life for the general public. 5. What was the goal of the group known as the Camera? The Camera wanted to create a new vocal style modeled on the music of ancient Greek tragedy. Since no actual dramatic music had come down to them from the Greeks, they based their theories on literacy accounts that had survived. The Camera wanted the vocal line to follow the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of beech. 6. Write a detailed description of each of the following new forms in Baroque music: A. Concerto gross Extended composition for instrumental soloists and orchestra, usually in three movements: (1) Fast, (2) Slow, (3) Fast. B. Fugue Polyphonic composition based on one main theme or subject. C. Opera Drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment, usually a large-scale composition employing vocal soloists, chorus, orchestra, costumes, and society. D. Solo concerto A piece for a single soloist and an orchestra. E. Baroque suite A group of dance, usually in the name key, with each piece in the binary form or the ternary form. .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e , .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e .postImageUrl , .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e , .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e:hover , .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e:visited , .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e:active { border:0!important; } .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e:active , .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u18cf0a8ffc462ba563dd3f40616ea34e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jazz and the Brightside Tavern EssayF. Oratorio Large- scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra, usually set to a narrative text, but without acting, scenery, or costumes; often based on biblical stories. G. Sonata In baroque music, an instrumental composition in several movements for one to eight players. In music after the baroque period, an instrumental composition usually in several movements for one or two players. H. Church cantata Composition in several movements, usually written for chorus, one or more vocal soloists; and orchestra. The church cantata for the Lutheran service in Germany during the Baroque period often includes chorales. 7. Write a complete definition for each of the following terms: A. Movement Piece that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger composition. B. Libretto Text of an opera written by the librettist (dramatists) and set to music by the composer. C. Aria -Song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, usually expressing an emotional state through its outpouring of melody; found in operas, oratorios, and cantatas. D. Recitative Vocal lines in an opera, oratorio, or cantata hat imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech often serving to lead into an aria. E. Overture (in opera) -Short musical composition, purely orchestral, which opens an opera and sets the overall dramatic mood. Orchestral introductions to later acts of an opera are called preludes. F. Chorus (in opera) A body of singers who sing the choral parts off work. G. Ground bass Variation form in which a musical idea in the bass is repeated over and over while the melodies above it constantly change; common in baroque music. H. Chorale Hymn tune sung too religious text.